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GAMBARAN KARAKTERISTIK DAN SELF MANAGEMENT
PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DI PUSKESMAS
PAKUAN BARU KOTA JAMBI
Dinda Edwar
ABSTRAK
Hipertensi adalah kondisi medis serius yang secara signifikan meningkatkan
risiko penyakit jantung, otak, ginjal, dan penyakit lainnya. Laporan Global dari
World Health Organization (WHO) 2024 mengungkapkan bahwa orang dewasa
yang menderita hipertensi meningkat hampir dua kali lipat dalam tiga dekade
terakhir. Berdasarkan data Riskesdas 2018, sebanyak 8,4% dari total populasi di
Indonesia mengalami hipertensi. Provinsi Jambi menempati peringkat ke-23
dengan prevalensi sebesar 8,0%. Di Kota Jambi, Puskesmas Pakuan Baru
mencatat jumlah kasus urutan 2 terbanyak dengan jumlah 3.489. Hipertensi yang
tidak ditangani dengan baik dapat menimbulkan dampak serius bagi kesehatan.
Tujuan penelitian adalah diketahuinya gambaran karakteristik dan self
management penderita hipertensi di Puskesmas Pakuan Baru Kota Jambi.
Penelitian merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif.
Penelitian dilaksanakan dari Bulan Januari-Agustus 2025. Waktu pengumpulan
data pada 29 April 2025-06 Mei 2025 di Puskesmas Pakuan Baru Kota Jambi.
Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh penderita hipertensi yang berkunjung
di Puskesmas Pakuan Baru Kota Jambi periode Januari-Februari 2025 dengan
jumlah 349 orang. Sampel berjumlah 78 responden dengan teknik purposive
sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan berupa kuesioner karakteristik dan
Hypertension Self Management Behaviours Quisionnare (HSMBQ). Analisis yang
digunakan adalah univariat. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dari 78
responden, lebih dari separuhnya berusia lansia akhir (56-65 tahun) (52,6%),
berjenis kelamin perempuan (57,7%), tidak bekerja (56,4%) dan memiliki self
management kurang (52,6%). Puskesmas Pakuan Baru diharapkan dapat
meningkatkan upaya promotif dan preventif terkait pengelolaan hipertensi,
khususnya pada kelompok perempuan dan lansia yang memiliki prevalensi lebih
tinggi. Program edukasi rutin mengenai pola hidup sehat, diet rendah garam,
pentingnya olahraga, dan kepatuhan terhadap pengobatan perlu ditingkatkan baik
dalam bentuk penyuluhan kelompok maupun kunjungan rumah.
Kata Kunci : karakteristik, self management, penderita hipertensi

Description of Characteristics and Self-Management of Hypertension Patients at
Pakuan Baru Community Health Center, Jambi City
Dinda Edwar
Abstract
Hypertension is a serious medical condition that significantly increases the risk of heart,
brain, kidney, and other diseases. The Global Report from the World Health Organization
(WHO) in 2024 revealed that the number of adults suffering from hypertension has
almost doubled in the last three decades. Based on Riskesdas 2018 data, 8.4% of the
total population in Indonesia suffers from hypertension. Jambi Province ranks 23rd with
a prevalence of 8.0%. In Jambi City, the Pakuan Baru Community Health Center recorded
the second-highest number of cases, totaling 3,489. Untreated hypertension can lead to
serious health consequences. The purpose of this study was to determine the
description of the characteristics and self-management of hypertension patients at the
Pakuan Baru Community Health Center, Jambi City. This was a quantitative study with a
descriptive approach. The research was conducted from January to August 2025. Data
collection was performed from April 29 to May 06, 2025, at the Pakuan Baru Community
Health Center, Jambi City. The population in this study was all hypertension patients
who visited the Pakuan Baru Community Health Center during the January-February
2025 period, totaling 349 people. The sample consisted of 78 respondents selected using
a purposive sampling technique. The instruments used were a characteristics
questionnaire and the Hypertension Self-Management Behaviors Questionnaire
(HSMBQ). The analysis used was univariate. The results showed that out of 78
respondents, more than half were in late elderly age (56-65 years) (52.6%), female
(57.7%), unemployed (56.4%), and had poor self-management (52.6%). The Pakuan Baru
Community Health Center is expected to enhance promotive and preventive efforts
related to hypertension management, especially for the female and elderly groups who
have a higher prevalence. Routine educational programs regarding healthy lifestyles,
low-salt diets, the importance of exercise, and adherence to treatment need to be
improved, both through group counseling and home visits.
Keywords: characteristics, hypertension patients, self-management