Search Repository Universitas Baiturrahim

HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI DAN SIKLUS MENSTRUASI
DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA REMAJA PUTRI
DI SMP NEGERI 5 KOTA JAMBI
Ade Aisyah Putri
ABSTRAK
Anemia merupakan kondisi ketika kadar hemoglobin (Hb) berada di bawah nilai
normal sehingga kemampuan darah mengangkut oksigen ke seluruh tubuh
menurun. Remaja putri merupakan kelompok yang rentan mengalami anemia
karena berada pada masa pertumbuhan, mengalami menstruasi setiap bulan, dan
memiliki kebutuhan zat besi yang lebih tinggi. Status gizi dan siklus menstruasi
merupakan faktor yang diduga berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi dan siklus menstruasi dengan
kejadian anemia pada remaja putri di SMP Negeri 5 Kota Jambi. Penelitian ini
dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2026 menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain
cross sectional. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 162 siswi dengan sampel sebanyak
62 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling.
Data dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan untuk
menentukan status gizi berdasarkan IMT/U, pengisian kuesioner siklus menstruasi,
serta pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin menggunakan alat Easy Touch. Analisis data
dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki status gizi baik
sebanyak 34 orang (54,8%), siklus menstruasi tidak normal sebanyak 38 orang
(61,3%), dan mengalami anemia sebanyak 39 orang (62,9%). Hasil uji Chi-Square
menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dengan kejadian anemia
(p-value=0,464), sedangkan terdapat hubungan antara siklus menstruasi dengan
kejadian anemia (p-value=0,001). Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
status gizi tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia, sedangkan siklus menstruasi
berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri di SMP Negeri 5 Kota
Jambi. Disarankan kepada pihak sekolah bekerja sama dengan puskesmas untuk
meningkatkan edukasi gizi, pemantauan kesehatan reproduksi, serta pelaksanaan
dan pengawasan konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah (TTD) secara rutin guna
mencegah kejadian anemia.
Kata kunci: anemia, remaja putri, siklus menstruasi, status gizi

The Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Menstrual
Cycle with The Incidence of Anemia Among Adolescent
Females at State Junior High School 5 Jambi City
Ade Aisyah Putri
ABSTRACT
Anemia is a condition characterized by hemoglobin levels falling below
normal values, resulting in a reduced capacity of the blood to transport
oxygen throughout the body. Adolescent females represent a population
vulnerable to experiencing anemia because they are in a period of growth,
undergo monthly menstruation, and possess higher iron requirements.
Nutritional status and menstrual cycle are factors suspected to be associated
with anemia incidence. This study aimed to determine the relationship
between nutritional status and menstrual cycle with the incidence of anemia
among adolescent females at State State Junior High School 5 Jambi City.
This research was conducted in May 2026 utilizing a quantitative method
with a cross-sectional design. The research population comprised 162
female students, with a sample of 62 respondents selected using a
proportional random sampling technique. Data were collected through body
weight and height measurements to determine nutritional status based on
body mass index for age, completion of menstrual cycle questionnaires, and
hemoglobin level testing using the Easy Touch device. Data analysis
involved univariate and bivariate analyses using the Chi Square test. The
results demonstrated that the majority of respondents possessed good
nutritional status, accounting for 34 individuals representing 54.8 percent,
an abnormal menstrual cycle, accounting for 38 individuals representing
61.3 percent, and experienced anemia, accounting for 39 individuals
representing 62.9 percent. The Chi Square test revealed no relationship
between nutritional status and the incidence of anemia with a p value of
0.464, whereas a significant relationship was identified between the
menstrual cycle and the incidence of anemia with a p value of 0.001. The
conclusion indicates that nutritional status is not associated with anemia
incidence, while the menstrual cycle is associated with anemia incidence
among adolescent females at State Junior High School 5 Jambi City. Schools
are recommended to collaborate with public health centers to enhance
nutrition education, reproductive health monitoring, as well as the routine
implementation and supervision of blood supplementation tablet
consumption to prevent anemia incidence.
Keywords: anemia, adolescent females, menstrual cycle, nutritional status.