Search Repository Universitas Baiturrahim

STUDI LITERATUR GAMBARAN STUNTING PADA BALITA
DI PUSKESMAS
Megawati
ABSTRAK
Stunting merupakan masalah gizi kronis pada balita yang berdampak serius
terhadap pertumbuhan fisik, perkembangan kognitif, serta kualitas sumber daya
manusia di masa depan dan hingga kini masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan
masyarakat di Indonesia, termasuk di tingkat pelayanan primer seperti puskesmas.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran stunting pada balita di
puskesmas berdasarkan karakteristik usia, jenis kelamin, berat badan lahir, dan
pemberian ASI eksklusif melalui studi literatur. Penelitian menggunakan metode
studi literatur dengan pendekatan scoping review. Proses pencarian artikel
dilakukan melalui basis data Google Scholar pada periode 20212025 dengan
kata kunci stunting, balita, dan puskesmas. Artikel diseleksi berdasarkan
kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, sehingga diperoleh lima artikel yang relevan untuk
dianalisis. Hasil studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar balita stunting
berada pada kelompok usia 2436 bulan dan usia balita akhir, lebih banyak
berjenis kelamin laki-laki, sebagian besar memiliki riwayat berat badan lahir
normal, serta sebagian besar telah mendapatkan ASI eksklusif selama enam bulan
pertama kehidupan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa stunting tidak hanya
dipengaruhi oleh faktor saat lahir dan pemberian ASI eksklusif, tetapi juga oleh
faktor lanjutan setelah masa bayi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah kejadian
stunting pada balita di puskesmas masih tinggi dan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai
faktor multidimensi. Oleh karena itu, disarankan agar upaya pencegahan stunting
di puskesmas diperkuat melalui edukasi gizi berkelanjutan, pemantauan
pertumbuhan rutin, serta pendekatan promotif dan preventif yang komprehensif
dan berbasis evidence-based practice.
Kata kunci: balita, puskesmas, stunting

LITERATURE REVIEW AN OVERVIEW OF STUNTING
AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE AT PRIMARY HEALTH
CENTERS
Megawati
ABSTRACT
Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem among children under five that has
serious impacts on physical growth, cognitive development, and the quality of
human resources in the future, and it remains a major public health issue in
Indonesia, including at the level of primary health services such as primary health
centers. This study aimed to describe stunting among children under five at
primary health centers based on age, sex, birth weight, and exclusive
breastfeeding through a literature review. This study employed a literature review
method using a scoping review approach. The article search process was
conducted through the Google Scholar database for the period 20212025 using
the keywords stunting, children under five, and primary health center.
Articles were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria,
resulting in five relevant articles for analysis. The results of the literature review
showed that most stunted children were in the age group of 2436 months and
late toddlerhood, were predominantly male, mostly had normal birth weight, and
the majority had received exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life.
These findings indicate that stunting is not only influenced by factors at birth and
exclusive breastfeeding but also by subsequent factors after infancy. The
conclusion of this study is that the incidence of stunting among children under five
at primary health centers remains high and is influenced by various
multidimensional factors. Therefore, it is recommended that stunting prevention
efforts at primary health centers be strengthened through continuous nutrition
education, routine growth monitoring, and comprehensive promotive and
preventive approaches based on evidence-based practice.
Keywords: children under five, primary health center, stunting