Search Repository Universitas Baiturrahim

Stunting merupakan masalah gizi kronis yang masih menjadi tantangan kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia dan berdampak pada kualitas sumber daya manusia di masa depan. Rendahnya akses terhadap makanan bergizi, terutama kurangnya asupan protein, zat besi, vitamin A, vitamin D, dan kalsium, dapat menghambat pertumbuhan anak. Selain itu, kecukupan zat gizi makro, khususnya protein dan lemak, berperan penting dalam pertumbuhan balita. Protein berfungsi membentuk dan memperbaiki jaringan tubuh, sedangkan lemak berfungsi sebagai sumber energi serta membantu penyerapan vitamin larut lemak. Kekurangan kedua zat gizi tersebut dapat meningkatkan risiko stunting. Berdasarkan Survei Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2023, prevalensi stunting mencapai 12,8%, sehingga pencegahan melalui pemenuhan zat gizi makro menjadi prioritas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan tingkat kecukupan protein dan lemak dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 2459 bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Simpang Kawat Kota Jambi, Kelurahan Cempaka Putih. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Mei 2026 menggunakan desain cross sectional terhadap 53 balita dari populasi 111 balita yang dipilih dengan teknik simple random sampling. Data tingkat kecukupan protein dan lemak diperoleh melalui metode food recall 224 jam, sedangkan status stunting ditentukan berdasarkan indeks tinggi badan menurut umur (TB/U). Analisis data menggunakan uji Fishers Exact Test dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (=0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar balita memiliki kecukupan protein kategori cukup (83,0%) dan kecukupan lemak kategori kurang (64,2%), dengan prevalensi stunting sebesar 13,2%. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kecukupan protein dengan kejadian stunting (p=0,012), sedangkan kecukupan lemak tidak berhubungan signifikan (p=0,400). Disimpulkan bahwa kecukupan protein berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting, sedangkan kecukupan lemak tidak. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi dasar peningkatan asupan protein sebagai strategi pencegahan stunting pada balita.

Stunting represents a chronic nutritional issue that remains a public health challenge in Indonesia and impacts future human resource quality. Low access to nutritious foods, particularl y lacking intake of protein, iron, vitamin A, vitamin D, and calcium, can impede child growth. Furthermore, macronutrient adequacy, specifically protein and fat, plays a vital role in toddler growth. Protein functions to build and repair body tissues, whereas fat functions as an energy source and assists in fat soluble vitamin absorption. Deficiencies in both nutrients can increase stunting risk. Based on the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey, stunting prevalence reached 12.8 percent, making prevention through macronutrient fulfillment a priority. This study aimed to determine the relationship between protein and fat adequacy levels with stunting incidence among toddlers aged 24 to 59 months in the Working Area of Simpang Kawat Public Health Center Jambi City, Cempaka Putih Urban Village. The study was conducted in May 2026 utilizing a cross-sectional design involving 53 toddlers from a population of 111 toddlers selected through a simple random sampling technique. Protein and fat adequacy level data were obtained through the two by twenty-four-hour food recall method, whereas stunting status was determined based on height for age index. Data analysis involved the Fisher Exact Test with a 95 percent confidence level where alpha equals 0.05. The research results demonstrated that the majority of toddlers possessed adequate category protein adequacy accounting for 83.0 percent and inadequate category fat adequacy accounting for 64.2 percent, alongside a stunting prevalence of
13.2 percent. A significant relationship existed between protein adequacy and stunting incidence with a p value of 0.012, whereas fat adequacy was not significantly associated with a p value of 0.400. It is concluded that protein adequacy is associated with stunting incidence, whereas fat adequacy is not. Results of this study are expected to serve as a basis for increasing protein intake as a stunting prevention strategy among toddlers.