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STUDI LITERATUR GAMBARAN SELF CARE MANAGEMENT
PENDERITA HIPERTENSI
xiii
Helmalia Putri
ABSTRAK
Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi masalah
kesehatan karena prevalensinya tinggi dan dapat menimbulkan berbagai
komplikasi apabila tidak dikendalikan dengan baik. Pengendalian hipertensi tidak
hanya bergantung pada terapi farmakologis, tetapi juga membutuhkan
kemampuan penderita dalam melakukan self care management secara konsisten.
Self care management meliputi pengaturan pola makan, aktivitas fisik, kepatuhan
minum obat, pemantauan tekanan darah, serta pengendalian kebiasaan merokok
dan konsumsi alkohol. Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran
self care management pada penderita hipertensi berdasarkan studi literatur.
Metode penelitian menggunakan studi literatur dengan melakukan penelusuran,
seleksi, dan analisis artikel berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sebanyak
lima artikel yang diterbitkan tahun 20222026 memenuhi kriteria dan dianalisis
menggunakan sintesis naratif. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa self care
management penderita hipertensi menunjukkan kategori kurang baik atau buruk,
masing-masing sebesar 60,3%, 54,3%, dan 61,5%, sedangkan dua artikel
menunjukkan kategori cukup sebesar 54,4% dan 59,5%. Aspek yang masih perlu
ditingkatkan meliputi diet rendah garam, aktivitas fisik, kepatuhan minum obat,
pemantauan tekanan darah, penghentian kebiasaan merokok, pembatasan
konsumsi alkohol, dan kepatuhan terhadap anjuran kesehatan. Disimpulkan bahwa
self care management penderita hipertensi cenderung berada pada kategori kurang
baik hingga cukup. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan edukasi, pendampingan, dan
pemantauan berkelanjutan oleh tenaga kesehatan untuk meningkatkan
kemampuan penderita dalam mengelola hipertensi secara mandiri.

LITERATURE REVIEW: AN OVERVIEW OF SELF-CARE MANAGEMENT
AMONG PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION
Helmalia Putri
ABSTRACT
Hypertension is one of the non-communicable diseases that remains a major
health problem due to its high prevalence and the potential to cause various
complications if not properly controlled. Hypertension management does not only
depend on pharmacological therapy but also requires patients ability to
consistently perform self-care management. Self-care management includes
dietary regulation, physical activity, medication adherence, blood pressure
monitoring, as well as controlling smoking habits and alcohol consumption. This
literature review aimed to describe self-care management among patients with
hypertension based on existing literature. The study employed a literature review
method by searching, selecting, and analyzing articles according to
predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five articles published between
2022 and 2026 met the eligibility criteria and were analyzed using narrative
synthesis. The findings showed that self-care management among patients with
hypertension was categorized as poor, with proportions of 60.3%, 54.3%, and
61.5%, while two articles reported a moderate category of 54.4% and 59.5%.
Aspects that still need improvement include adherence to a low-salt diet, physical
activity, medication adherence, blood pressure monitoring, smoking cessation,
restriction of alcohol consumption, and adherence to health recommendations. It
was concluded that self-care management among patients with hypertension tends
to range from poor to moderate. Therefore, continuous education, assistance, and
monitoring by healthcare professionals are needed to improve patients ability to
independently manage their hypertension.Keywords: hypertension, self-care, self-
care management