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HUBUNGAN ANEMIA PADA KEHAMILAN DAN BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH (BBLR) DENGAN KEJADIAN
STUNTING PADA BALITA

Sri Suwarni NPM. 20250112003

ABSTRAK

Stunting masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia karena berdampak jangka panjang terhadap kualitas sumber daya manusia. Stunting merupakan kondisi gagal tumbuh pada balita akibat kekurangan gizi kronis dan infeksi berulang, terutama pada periode 1.000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK). Pada tahun 2024, prevalensi stunting menurun menjadi 19,8%, yang menunjukkan dampak positif berbagai upaya pemerintah, termasuk perbaikan gizi ibu hamil. World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) menyatakan bahwa Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) merupakan indikator penting kesehatan ibu dan anak. BBLR berkaitan dengan kondisi gizi ibu selama kehamilan, termasuk anemia, yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan janin dan meningkatkan risiko bayi lahir dengan berat badan rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan anemia pada kehamilan dan BBLR dengan kejadian stunting pada balita berdasarkan studi literatur. Pencarian artikel dilakukan melalui PubMed, DOAJ, Elsevier, Google Scholar, dan Portal Garuda menggunakan kata kunci anemia kehamilan, riwayat BBLR, dan kejadian stunting. Dari hasil pencarian diperoleh 92 artikel periode 20202025, kemudian disaring berdasarkan kesesuaian topik dan diperoleh 9 artikel yang sesuai untuk ditelaah. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara anemia pada kehamilan dan riwayat BBLR dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Ibu hamil diharapkan meningkatkan kesadaran menjaga status gizi dengan melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan secara rutin, mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah sesuai anjuran, dan memenuhi kebutuhan gizi seimbang untuk mencegah anemia.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF ANEMIA DURING PREGNANCY AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW) WITH THE INCIDENCE OF STUNTING IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE

Sri Suwarni
NPM. 20250112003

ABSTRACT

Stunting remains a public health issue in Indonesia due to its long-term impact on the quality of human resources. Stunting is a condition of growth failure in children under five caused by chronic malnutrition and recurrent infections, particularly during the "First 1,000 Days of Life" (HPK) period. In 2024, the prevalence of stunting declined to 19.8%, reflecting the positive impact of various government initiatives, including improvements in maternal nutrition. The World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) identifies Low Birth Weight (LBW) as a crucial indicator of maternal and child health. LBW is associated with the mother's nutritional status during pregnancyincluding anemiawhich can hinder fetal growth and increase the risk of delivering an infant with low birth weight. This study aims to determine the relationship between anemia during pregnancy and LBW with the incidence of stunting in children under five, based on a literature review. Articles were sourced from PubMed, DOAJ, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and Portal Garuda using the keywords "pregnancy anemia," "history of LBW," and "stunting incidence." The search yielded 92 articles from the 20202025 period; these were screened for topical relevance, resulting in nine articles selected for review. The review findings indicate a relationship between anemia during pregnancy and a history of LBW with the incidence of stunting in children under five. Pregnant women are encouraged to raise awareness regarding the maintenance of nutritional status by attending regular prenatal check-ups, taking iron-folic acid supplements as recommended, and consuming a balanced diet to prevent anemia. Keywords: Pregnancy Anemia, Children Under Five, LBW, Stunting.